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California has three separate statutory provisions that prohibit a lender from obtaining a deficiency judgment after foreclosure.  These provision are found at Cal. Civ. Proc. § 580b, Cal. Civ. Proc. § 580d in conjunction with Cal. Civ. Proc. § 726(a), and after July 15th, 2011, Cal. Civ. Proc. § 580e.  A deficiency is simply the loss that a lender sustains after the property is foreclosed.  The deficiency is measured by the difference between what is owed on the loan and what the bank collected from selling the property after foreclosure. A deficiency judgment after foreclosure may result in a wage garnishment, bank account levy, and a judgment lien against other property owned by the borrower.  Because of the seriousness of a deficiency judgment sound legal advice should be sought out whenever foreclosure appears imminent.

The answer to whether or not unemployment benefits are dischargeable in bankruptcy hinges on the following:  1) whether the state receives adequate notice of the bankruptcy filing; 2) whether the state upon proper notice brings a timely complaint (adversarial proceeding) in the bankruptcy court, and 3) whether the state wins its complaint and proves that the debtor obtained the unemployment overpayment by fraud or theft as opposed to having made a reasonable mistake.

The simplistic answer to the question of whether you have to file bankruptcy jointly when you are married is no.  You can choose to bankruptcy individually.  However, whether or not this is the best decision depends on a number of factors and often involves detailed legal and factual analysis tailored to the individual situation.
First off, my discussion of this topic is limited strictly to California bankruptcy filings.  California is a community property state with unique exemption laws.  My analysis would not necessarily be appropriate in states that have different property and exemption laws.
Whether you decide to file bankruptcy with your spouse or not will depend on a number of factors as follows:
1)      were the debts incurred jointly;
2)      does one of the spouses have separate vs. community property;
3)      are there issues because one spouse is ineligible for a bankruptcy discharge;